ladder

1 steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

2 ascending stages by which somebody or something can progress; "he climbed the career ladder"

3 a row of unravelled stitches; "she got a run in her stocking" [syn: run, ravel] v : come unraveled or undone as if by snagging; "Her nylons were running" [syn: run]

English

Etymology

etyl ang hlæder, from , from *|hlai-, from . Cognate with Dutch leer, German Leiter; compare Ancient Greek κλῖμαξ.

Pronunciation

• a UK /ˈladə/ /"l

Variations

Rigid ladders are available in many forms, such as:

• Fixed ladder, Two side members joined by several rungs; affixed to structure with no moving parts
• Extension ladder, fixed ladder divided into two or more lengths for more convenient storage; the lengths can be slid together for storage or slid apart to maximize the length of the ladder; a pulley system may be fitted so that the ladder can be easily extended by an operator on the ground then locked in place using the dogs and pawls
• Step ladder, hinged in the middle to form an inverted V, with stays to keep the two halves at a fixed angle
  • Platform steps, step ladder with small horizontal platform at the top
• Telescopic ladder, stiles consist of concentric or rectangular tubing that can be slid inside each other for storage
• Roof ladder, rigid ladder with large hook at the top to grip the ridge of a pitched roof
• Cat ladder, lightweight ladder frame used on steep roofs to prevents workers from sliding
• Hook ladder or pompier ladder, rigid ladder with a hook at the top to grip a windowsill; used by firefighters
• Turntable ladder, extension ladder fitted to rotating platform on top of a fire truck
• Bridge ladder, ladder laid horizontally to act as passage between two points separated by a drop.

• Rope ladders are used where storage space is extremely limited, weight must be kept to a minimum, or in instances where the object to be climbed is too curved to use a rigid ladder. They may have rigid or flexible rungs. Climbing a rope ladder requires more skill than climbing a rigid ladder, because the ladder tends to swing like a pendulum.

• Dissipative ladders are portable ladders built to ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) standard. Electrostatic Discharge is a natural occurrence in which electricity is passed through our body, or other conductor, and discharges onto some object. For example, the shock we feel when we touch a doorknob is an ESD. This natural occurrence is becoming a very hot topic in the field of electronics assembly due to the costly damage ESDs can cause to sensitive electronic equipment. Dissipative ladders are ladders with controlled electric resistance: the resistance slows the transfer of charge from one point to another, offering increased protection during ESD events: ≥105 and 12 Ω / square ([e.g.]http://www.skylax.com/otherers.htm)

• Pool ladders. A ladder is also used on the side of a boat, to climb into it from the water, and in a swimming pool. Swimming pool ladders are usually made from plastic steps with special grip and metal bars on the sides to support the steps and as handrails for the user.

• Assault ladders. These are designed to be used by units which may need to board or assault vessels or buildings. They can be used when a full sized ladder is not required or when working in confined spaces. Suited for covert operations such as sniper placement, and vessel boardings. It was developed and designed for tubular assaults including buses and trains and for 1st story breaching. Its extra wide design gives the user greater stability, but still can fold away to be stored. It is available in standard aluminum or non-reflective black finish in 6 and 8 foot lengths.

Historical usage

Ladders are ancient tools and technology. A ladder is depicted in a Mesolithic rock painting that is at least 10,000 years old, depicted in a cave in Valencia, Spain. Bee Wilson (2004: p.5) references the rock painting which shows two naked humans carrying baskets or bags that are employing a long wobbly ladder, which appears to be made out of some kind of grass, to reach a wild honeybee nest to harvest honey. Modern ladders are believed to have been conceived by Hebrews and Egyptians.

See also

• Escalade
• Stairway

References

• Wilson, Bee (2004). The Hive: The Story Of The Honeybee. London, Great Britain: John Murray (Publishers). ISBN 0 7195 6598 7

External links

• Ladder Safety including Ladder Types (Type I, Type II, Type III)
• Ladder Usage Safety and handling ladders
• Ladder Literature from Werner Co.: technical manuals, comparison charts, and safety sheets.
• Ladder Safe Work Procedures
• Ladder safety manuals
• Different types of ladders and what to consider when selecting for your needs.